Aragonite is a fascinating and widely distributed mineral form of calcium carbonate that plays major roles in geology, biology and human industry. Although less stable at Earth’s surface than its polymorph calcite, aragonite forms elegant acicular crystals and needle-like aggregates, builds the shells and skeletons of many marine organisms, and appears in caves, hydrothermal systems […]
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The Erdenet mining complex stands as one of Mongolia’s most important industrial landmarks, a large-scale operation built around a rich porphyry deposit of copper and molybdenum. Located in the north-central part of the country, the mine has shaped the region’s urban development, influenced national trade patterns, and remained a focal point of political and economic
Erdenet Mine – Mongolia – Copper/Molybdenum Read More »
Bismuth is an often-overlooked metal with a combination of properties that make it both scientifically fascinating and increasingly useful across industries. Although it sits near the bottom of the periodic table among the post-transition metals, its unusual physical and chemical behavior, striking crystalline forms and comparatively benign biological profile have driven renewed interest from researchers,
The evolution of nuclear reactor technology has placed zirconium at the center of material science and supply-chain discussions. As an element whose properties — low neutron absorption, good mechanical strength at high temperatures, and relatively low corrosion rates in water — make it uniquely suitable for fuel cladding, zirconium and its alloys remain essential to
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Chiastolite is a fascinating and visually striking variety of the mineral andalusite, prized both by collectors and lapidaries for its distinctive dark, cross-shaped inclusions. This article explores its mineralogical identity, typical environments of occurrence, practical uses in jewelry and ornamentation, and the cultural and metaphysical associations that have grown up around it. Along the way,
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The Oyu Tolgoi complex in southern Mongolia has become one of the most talked-about mining developments of the 21st century. Combining vast mineral reserves with ambitious engineering, complex political negotiations and major socioeconomic impacts, it is a project that reshapes both the local landscape and national prospects. This article explores where Oyu Tolgoi is located,
Oyu Tolgoi – Mongolia – Copper/Gold Read More »
The Porgera operation is one of the most discussed and consequential mining projects in the South Pacific. Located in a remote mountain valley of Enga Province, it has been a focal point for debates about the value and costs of mineral extraction in developing countries. This article explores where the mine is located, what resources
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Andalusite is a distinctive and scientifically valuable mineral whose presence tells a story about the pressure and temperature history of rocks, and whose physical properties have found uses in both industry and jewelry. Named after the Spanish region where it was first recognized, this aluminum silicate is one of three polymorphs of Al2SiO5 and plays
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The Ok Tedi mine is one of the most consequential and controversial mineral operations in the Pacific region. Located in the remote highlands and lowlands transition of western Papua New Guinea, it has produced vast quantities of copper and gold while shaping the economic, social, and environmental landscape of the country. The story of Ok
Ok Tedi Mine – Papua New Guinea – Copper/Gold Read More »
Ametrine is a striking and unusual variety of quartz that combines the purple of amethyst with the yellow to orange of citrine in a single crystal. Renowned for its natural bicoloration, ametrine offers a visual drama that appeals to gem collectors, jewelers and those interested in the mineral’s alleged energetic attributes. This article explores the
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