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Critical mineral shortages and national security concerns

The modern global order increasingly depends on a narrow set of raw materials that power everything from consumer electronics to advanced weapons systems. As demand rises and extraction proves concentrated in a few regions, the risk of supply interruptions has moved from an economic nuisance to a core national security concern. This article examines the […]

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Serpentine – (mineral)

Serpentine is a group of hydrous magnesium silicate minerals with a rich interplay of geology, industry and culture. Beyond its attractive green hues and waxy luster, serpentine plays a significant role in understanding rock alteration processes, hosting valuable mineral deposits, and posing real-world environmental and health challenges. This article explores the mineralogical characteristics of serpentine,

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Jet – (stone)

Jet, a deep black organic gemstone prized for its warm polish and dramatic appearance, has moved through human history as both a decorative material and a talisman. Emerging from ancient forests transformed over millions of years, this stone has been carved, worn and imbued with meaning in cultures across the world. The following exploration covers

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Opal – (stone)

The opal has fascinated people for centuries with its shimmering surface and seemingly magical flashes of color. This article explores the stone from many angles: what it is, how and where it forms, the major sources and mining regions, its practical and artistic applications, and the scientific and cultural stories that surround it. Along the

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Ytterbium

Ytterbium is a quietly influential member of the lanthanide series whose properties and applications touch fields from precision timekeeping to high-power industry lasers and cutting-edge quantum research. Found only in trace amounts in rare-earth minerals, this soft, silvery metal and its ions have a disproportionate impact on modern technology, materials science, and fundamental physics. The

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Tourmaline – (stone)

Tourmaline is a mineral that fascinates geologists, gemologists and collectors alike because of its extraordinary variety of colors, physical properties and geological settings. In this article we will explore where tourmaline forms, what gives it such dazzling hues, how it is used both as a precious gemstone and in scientific contexts, and some intriguing cultural

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