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The impact of stricter mining laws on rare metal supply

The mining sector is entering a period of intensified scrutiny as governments and communities press for tighter rules governing the extraction of minerals. This shift has profound implications for the availability of rare metals that underpin modern technology—from electric vehicle batteries and wind turbines to semiconductors and defense systems. This article examines how stricter mining […]

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Hollandite

Hollandite is a distinctive member of the manganese oxide family, recognizable by its characteristic tunnel framework and complex chemistry. It is important both as a naturally occurring mineral in diverse geological settings and as a model and functional material in modern technology. This article explores where hollandite is found, how its structure and composition influence

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Hillebrandite

Hillebrandite is a little-known but scientifically significant mineral belonging to the family of natural calcium‑silicate‑hydrate phases. Although it is relatively rare in hand‑sample form, it occupies an outsized place in the study of metamorphic processes, skarn geology, and the geochemistry of cementitious materials. This article explores the mineral’s defining characteristics, the geological settings where it

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Nkana Mine – Zambia – Copper

The Nkana mine complex is one of the most important and historically significant copper-producing sites in Africa. Located in the industrial heart of the Zambian Copperbelt, Nkana has shaped the urban growth of the city of Kitwe, influenced national economic policy, and played a central role in the industrial and social history of Zambia. Its

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Hiddenite

Hiddenite is a striking green variety of the mineral spodumene prized for its vibrant color, crystal clarity, and geological story. Although often overshadowed in popular awareness by emerald and tourmaline, hiddenite occupies an important place in both the world of gemology and the study of pegmatitic mineral deposits. This article explores the origin, physical and

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Actinium

Actinium is a little-known but scientifically significant member of the actinide series, whose properties and radioactivity make it both a challenge to study and a source of powerful technological and medical applications. This article explores where actinium is found in nature and in the laboratory, its chemical and nuclear characteristics, current and emerging uses, and

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Herkimer Diamond

The term Herkimer Diamond evokes images of brilliantly clear, naturally faceted gems that sparkle as though cut by a jeweler’s hand. Despite the name, these are not diamonds but exceptional specimens of quartz that form with perfectly terminated points and remarkable clarity. Their story is one of unique geological conditions, local mining traditions, enthusiastic collectors,

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