Clinohumite is an uncommon and intriguing member of the humite group of nesosilicates. Its striking colors, unique crystal chemistry, and geological settings make it a subject of interest both for mineral collectors and for researchers who study mantle processes and metasomatism. This article explores the mineralogy, occurrences, applications, and fascinating scientific roles of clinohumite, with […]
The Sunrise Dam gold mine is one of Western Australia’s long‑running producers, combining decades of exploration, mining and processing in the heart of the state’s eastern goldfields. Located in a remote but geologically rich setting, the operation has evolved through changing technology and economics to remain a significant contributor to regional employment, state revenue and
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Cinnabar is one of the most visually striking and historically important minerals on Earth. Known for its deep, luminous red and its role as the principal ore of mercury, cinnabar has fascinated miners, artists, alchemists and scientists for millennia. This article explores where cinnabar is found, how it forms, its many uses — from the
The Cowal Mine is one of the most significant gold operations in central New South Wales, Australia. Located in a landscape where agriculture, wetlands and mining converge, Cowal has become a focal point for discussions about resource development, environmental stewardship and regional economic growth. This article examines where the mine is located, what is extracted
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The Agnew Mine is one of Western Australia’s most notable gold operations, combining modern underground techniques with a long regional mining history. Located within a landscape shaped by ancient geology and contemporary resource demand, the mine plays an important role in local employment, regional economies and Australia’s position in the global gold market. The following
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Chromite is a dense, dark mineral that has played a decisive role in modern metallurgy, chemistry, and industry. As the principal ore of chromium, chromite is the gateway between geological processes that concentrate metals and a wide array of industrial applications ranging from stainless steel production to specialized chemical compounds. This article explores the mineral’s
The metal commonly known as gold has fascinated humans for millennia with its warm luster, rarity and versatility. Its physical and chemical properties give it a unique combination of beauty, stability and utility, and its presence has shaped cultures, economies and technologies across the globe. This article surveys where gold is found in nature, how
Deep underground metal deposits present a complex interplay of geological processes, engineering constraints and environmental risks. This article examines the principal scientific and technical challenges encountered when exploring, characterizing and exploiting ore bodies located at great depth, and discusses current methods and emerging technologies that help manage those challenges. Emphasis is placed on rock mechanics,
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Chlorite is a term with two closely related but distinct meanings: it refers both to a group of chlorine oxyanions in chemistry and to a widespread family of green phyllosilicate minerals in geology. This dual identity makes the subject rich and interdisciplinary, touching on industrial chemistry, water treatment, environmental health, petrology, and even microbiology. Below
The Argyle mine in Western Australia was one of the most influential and unusual diamond operations in modern mining history. Known for producing the overwhelming majority of the world’s natural pink and red diamonds, Argyle shaped global supply, luxury markets, and regional economies for decades. Its geological uniqueness, its production profile, and its eventual closure
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