Clinozoisite is a fascinating and often overlooked member of the epidote group of minerals. Although it rarely headlines gem collections in the way beryl or garnet do, it plays a central role in understanding many metamorphic and hydrothermal processes. This article will explore the mineral’s chemistry and structure, its characteristic environments of occurrence, practical and […]
The Hillgrove Mine, perched in the highlands of northern New South Wales, is a notable example of an Australian site where two economically and strategically important commodities — antimony and gold — are produced from the same geological system. Its history weaves together nineteenth-century prospecting, twentieth-century industrial cycles and twenty‑first-century shifts in global demand for
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Silver has fascinated people for millennia, prized both for its shimmering beauty and its remarkable physical and chemical qualities. This article explores where silver occurs in nature, how it is extracted and processed, the many applications that depend on its unique properties, and some intriguing historical and contemporary uses. Along the way, the text highlights
The global steel industry is undergoing a transformation driven by climate goals, technological innovation and changing market expectations. As companies and governments pursue pathways to cut carbon, a new generation of low-carbon and zero-carbon steel — often called green steel — is emerging. This transition will not only alter how steel is produced, but also
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Clinohumite is an uncommon and intriguing member of the humite group of nesosilicates. Its striking colors, unique crystal chemistry, and geological settings make it a subject of interest both for mineral collectors and for researchers who study mantle processes and metasomatism. This article explores the mineralogy, occurrences, applications, and fascinating scientific roles of clinohumite, with
The Sunrise Dam gold mine is one of Western Australia’s long‑running producers, combining decades of exploration, mining and processing in the heart of the state’s eastern goldfields. Located in a remote but geologically rich setting, the operation has evolved through changing technology and economics to remain a significant contributor to regional employment, state revenue and
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Cinnabar is one of the most visually striking and historically important minerals on Earth. Known for its deep, luminous red and its role as the principal ore of mercury, cinnabar has fascinated miners, artists, alchemists and scientists for millennia. This article explores where cinnabar is found, how it forms, its many uses — from the
The Cowal Mine is one of the most significant gold operations in central New South Wales, Australia. Located in a landscape where agriculture, wetlands and mining converge, Cowal has become a focal point for discussions about resource development, environmental stewardship and regional economic growth. This article examines where the mine is located, what is extracted
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The Agnew Mine is one of Western Australia’s most notable gold operations, combining modern underground techniques with a long regional mining history. Located within a landscape shaped by ancient geology and contemporary resource demand, the mine plays an important role in local employment, regional economies and Australia’s position in the global gold market. The following
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Chromite is a dense, dark mineral that has played a decisive role in modern metallurgy, chemistry, and industry. As the principal ore of chromium, chromite is the gateway between geological processes that concentrate metals and a wide array of industrial applications ranging from stainless steel production to specialized chemical compounds. This article explores the mineral’s
