Mining

The Escondida Mine is a defining feature of modern copper mining: a vast, high‑altitude open pit carved into the hyperarid landscape of northern Chile that has reshaped the global copper market, regional infrastructure and the industrial profile of the country. This article describes where Escondida is located, what is extracted there, the mine’s wide economic […]

The Carajás mining complex in northern Brazil stands among the most remarkable mineral deposits on Earth, combining immense geological riches with far-reaching economic and environmental consequences. Located deep within the eastern Amazon, the site has been a cornerstone of the country’s extractive industry for decades and remains a focal point for debates about resource development,

The Muruntau mine is one of the most remarkable mining complexes on Earth, located in the heart of Central Asia. Its story combines geology, industrial scale, and national economics: a vast open-pit operation that has shaped the modern mining identity of Uzbekistan. This article outlines where Muruntau sits on the map, what is extracted there,

The Grasberg mine is one of the world’s most talked-about mineral operations, combining enormous physical scale with complex geology, contentious politics and profound economic impact. Located high in the central mountain ranges of Indonesian Papua, it has been a major source of copper and gold for decades and remains central to discussions about resource sovereignty,

The Bingham Canyon Mine, often called the Kennecott Copper Mine, stands as one of the most remarkable industrial landscapes on Earth. Located in the western United States, it is an emblem of large-scale mineral extraction and technological evolution in mining. This article examines where the mine is, what is extracted there, its economic importance, and