Mining

The name Chuquicamata evokes both the scale of modern mining and the long history of human interaction with the Earth’s resources. Located high in the Andes, this mine has shaped regional economies, national policy and global copper markets for more than a century. The following text examines where the mine is located, what is extracted, […]

The Kiruna Mine in northern Sweden is one of the world’s most remarkable industrial sites: a giant Kiruna iron-ore deposit that has shaped local life, national industry and global steel markets for more than a century. Located well above the Arctic Circle, this mine combines extreme geography, advanced mining technology and ambitious social and environmental

The Super Pit is an iconic symbol of Australia’s mining heritage, a vast open-cut operation that has shaped the landscape, economy and identity of the Goldfields-Esperance region. Located near the historic town of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, the site is not only one of the country’s most famous mineral workings but also a focal point for discussions about

The Escondida Mine is a defining feature of modern copper mining: a vast, high‑altitude open pit carved into the hyperarid landscape of northern Chile that has reshaped the global copper market, regional infrastructure and the industrial profile of the country. This article describes where Escondida is located, what is extracted there, the mine’s wide economic

The Carajás mining complex in northern Brazil stands among the most remarkable mineral deposits on Earth, combining immense geological riches with far-reaching economic and environmental consequences. Located deep within the eastern Amazon, the site has been a cornerstone of the country’s extractive industry for decades and remains a focal point for debates about resource development,

The Muruntau mine is one of the most remarkable mining complexes on Earth, located in the heart of Central Asia. Its story combines geology, industrial scale, and national economics: a vast open-pit operation that has shaped the modern mining identity of Uzbekistan. This article outlines where Muruntau sits on the map, what is extracted there,

The Grasberg mine is one of the world’s most talked-about mineral operations, combining enormous physical scale with complex geology, contentious politics and profound economic impact. Located high in the central mountain ranges of Indonesian Papua, it has been a major source of copper and gold for decades and remains central to discussions about resource sovereignty,

The Bingham Canyon Mine, often called the Kennecott Copper Mine, stands as one of the most remarkable industrial landscapes on Earth. Located in the western United States, it is an emblem of large-scale mineral extraction and technological evolution in mining. This article examines where the mine is, what is extracted there, its economic importance, and