Mining

The Dexing Copper Mine is one of China’s most prominent mineral operations, noted for its large-scale extraction of copper and associated metals. Located in the eastern reaches of the country, the mine combines significant geological value with broad economic and industrial influence. This article examines the mine’s setting, the nature of its deposits and production, […]

The Bayan Obo mining complex in northern China stands as one of the most consequential mineral deposits of the modern era. Its scale, the diversity of commodities it contains, and its role in shaping global supply chains for critical materials make it an object of industrial, environmental and geopolitical attention. This article examines the mine’s

The Shenhua Haerwusu mine is one of the most prominent coal extraction sites in northern China, notable for its sheer scale and role in the country’s energy landscape. Operated by Shenhua, the project combines modern open-pit engineering with massive logistical systems to move millions of tonnes of fuel each year. This article examines where the

The mining district around Benxi, in northeastern China’s Liaoning province, is one of the country’s historically important centers for iron ore extraction and heavy industry. For well over a century the area has anchored local economies, fed regional steel production, and shaped the landscape, society and infrastructure of the surrounding cities and towns. This article

The Fushun mining complex in northeastern China represents one of the most historically important and industrially significant energy and raw-material centers in the country. Located in the heart of Liaoning province, the area has been a persistent source of **coal** and **oil shale** for well over a century, shaping local urban development, heavy industry and

The Zijinshan Gold & Copper Mine is a prominent mining complex in China known for its combination of rich mineralization and significant industrial importance. Situated within a geologically favorable region, the mine has played a major role in the development of a leading Chinese mining company and in supplying metals critical to both domestic industry

The Kolar Gold Fields (commonly abbreviated as KGF) occupy a singular place in the history of mining in India. Located in the eastern plains of the state of Karnataka, the Kolar belt has been a source of gold for centuries and later became the focus of intense industrial activity under British and Indian administration. This

The Fushun mine complex in northeastern China represents one of the most historically significant and technically distinctive coal-producing regions in the world. Located in Liaoning province, the site has yielded vast quantities of both conventional coal and oil-bearing shale, shaping regional industry, energy policy, and urban development for more than a century. This article explores

The Zijinshan Gold & Copper Mine in southeastern China is a prominent example of how a single mineral deposit can shape local economies, industrial trajectories and environmental debates. Operated by one of China’s leading mining companies, the site combines substantial reserves of both precious and base metals with a complex geological history and a long

The Kolar Gold Fields occupy a remarkable place in the industrial and cultural history of Karnataka and India. For more than a century these mines were a center of intensive gold extraction, pioneering deep-level mining techniques on the subcontinent and shaping the lives of entire communities around the precincts of Kolar. This article describes where