Global supply chain risks for rare earth elements
The global dependence on rare earth elements (REEs) has escalated with the proliferation of advanced electronics, renewable energy technologies, and defense systems. These 17 chemically similar metals—such as neodymium, dysprosium, and terbium—are integral to permanent magnets, catalysts, and phosphors. While their names suggest scarcity, the main challenge is not absolute geological rarity but the uneven […]
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